Thermostable Vaccines A Game-Changer
Thermostable vaccines could replace up to 20% of the global vaccine market within the next decade.
In 2021, WHO reported 94 vaccine distributors globally, with China (23) and India (7) leading the Western Pacific region, representing 32% of its manufacturers. Overall, 41% of vaccine producers were based in this region.
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The Promise of Thermostable Vaccines
The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that immunization saves 3.5–5 million lives annually by preventing diseases like diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, influenza, and measles. However, cold storage challenges often lead to vaccine damage, limiting their effectiveness. Thermostable vaccines offer a breakthrough by remaining stable at room temperature for extended periods, eliminating the need for costly cold chain logistics. This innovation reduces storage and transportation expenses, making large-scale immunization efforts more affordable and accessible.
Unlike traditional vaccines that require strict refrigeration to retain their potency, thermostable vaccines are designed to withstand temperature fluctuations. This is particularly valuable in regions with limited refrigeration infrastructure, such as remote areas or during emergencies. By overcoming logistical hurdles, thermostable vaccines expand access to life-saving immunizations, ensuring that underserved communities can benefit from vaccination programs.
Tuberculosis (TB) remains a significant global health challenge, spreading through the air when infected individuals breathe out bacteria. In 2021, TB caused 1.6 million deaths and affected 10.6 million people, with nearly two billion people carrying TB bacteria. Thermostable vaccines could play a vital role in managing this disease, especially in areas with inadequate refrigeration.
Recent Progress
In March 2023, the Access to Advanced Health Institute (AAHI) announced promising results from a Phase I clinical trial for a novel thermostable TB vaccine. This vaccine targets Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the bacteria responsible for TB, using a fusion protein (ID93) combined with a specialized immune-boosting adjuvant (GLA-SE). Presented in a freeze-dried form, the vaccine does not require refrigeration, making it a game-changer in TB prevention and control.
Vaccines with Improved Thermal Stability
While there are no FDA-approved vaccines that are entirely thermostable and free from refrigeration requirements, some vaccines have been developed with enhanced thermal stability. These vaccines can tolerate higher temperatures for longer periods without losing effectiveness, making them more practical for areas with limited refrigeration access.
- The Rotavirus vaccine (RIX4V) remains effective for up to 24 months at room temperature (up to 77°F).
- The Meningococcal conjugate vaccine (Menveo) stays stable for 3 months without refrigeration.
- The Measles, mumps, and rubella vaccine (MMR II) retains its potency for 3 days at room temperature.
- The Zoster vaccine (SHINGRIX) can maintain stability for 25 days when stored at room temperature.
Thermostable vaccines are a major step forward in vaccine technology. By reducing dependence on cold chain logistics, they address storage and transportation challenges, improving global vaccination efforts. These advancements ensure vaccines remain effective in difficult conditions, helping to protect more people from preventable diseases and advancing global public health.
Our Table of Content (TOC) covers key healthcare market segments, materials, technologies and trends—helping you navigate market shifts and make informed decisions: https://www.towardshealthcare.com/table-of-content/thermostable-vaccine-market-sizing
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